台耳醫誌

Primary thyroid lymphoma, particularly extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (i.e., mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, MALToma), is a rare malignancy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis. We report the case of a 59-year-old male with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis who presented with anterior neck swelling and subclinical hypothyroidism. The results of fine-needle aspiration cytology suggested a benign lesion, thus the patient underwent left total thyroidectomy and isthmectomy. However, pathology confirmed the presence of MALToma. The patient underwent radiotherapy and achieved complete remission with no recurrence at two years. This case emphasizes the limitations of cytology in diagnosing thyroid MALToma and reviewed the outcome of different treatment modalities in patients with localized disease. Vigilance is essential in managing thyroid nodules with autoimmune features to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. (J Taiwan Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2026; 60:160-166)